In this paper. a co-axial dual-mechanical ports flux-switching permanent magnet (CADMP-FSPM) machine for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is proposed and investigated. which is comprised of two conventional co-axial FSPM machines. namely one high-speed inner rotor machine and one low-speed outer rotor machine and a non-magnetic ring sandwiched in between. https://www.roneverhart.com/Carin-Shard-East-Non-Ladder/